Causes
July 9, 1868 The fourteenth amendment
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Explanation: The 14th
amendment to the US
Constitution was passed on July 9, 1868. The 13th 15th
and 14th amendments are known as the Reconstruction amendments. The
14th though, is the one that has had the most unseen effect. Its
goal was to ensure that the Civil Rights Act would remain valid. It wanted to
ensure that all people born in the United States were citizens and was given full
and equal benefits from the law.
Cause: This was a cause of the case because the fourteenth amendment wanted to ensure that all people were given equal benefits. The problem is that later on in the 1950 that wasn’t happening. Children were going to segregated schools and they were being separated do to their racial ethnicity. The schools that white kids were only able to attend had a lot more benefits than the all black school. They were receiving better education, lunch, and even housing. This is why people felt like there was a change needed to be made.
Cause: This was a cause of the case because the fourteenth amendment wanted to ensure that all people were given equal benefits. The problem is that later on in the 1950 that wasn’t happening. Children were going to segregated schools and they were being separated do to their racial ethnicity. The schools that white kids were only able to attend had a lot more benefits than the all black school. They were receiving better education, lunch, and even housing. This is why people felt like there was a change needed to be made.
January 1909 National association of the advancement of colored people
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Explanation: This organization fought for racial equality
and was founded in 1909. It tried to persuade Congress and other legislations
to enact laws that would protect Colored people from racist actions. The NAACP
leaders first wanted to make whites aware of the need for racial equality. To
do this, they first needed to publicize the issue, so they made speeches
everywhere and they also made a magazine. Another things they did, was attacked
segregation and racial inequality in a court room. It won a Supreme Court
decision in 1915 against the grandfather clause which was used by many southern
states to prevent blacks from voting.
Cause: This influenced the Brown v. Board case because this association was doing things to stop racial inequality. The fact that they wanted to let the public know that racial equality was desperately needed in the country, led to the decision in the court house that everyone is equal, so they shouldn’t be separated.
Cause: This influenced the Brown v. Board case because this association was doing things to stop racial inequality. The fact that they wanted to let the public know that racial equality was desperately needed in the country, led to the decision in the court house that everyone is equal, so they shouldn’t be separated.
1949 heman sweat
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Explanation: Heman Sweatt was a young African American who
applied to the University of Texas,
a white university. The president of the school, held on to the application
while he waited to hear back from the attorney. Meanwhile, Sweatt met with
Painter who informed him that his credentials were adequate enough to come to
the school, but he could not allow him to. Then the court of Civil Appeals
wrote "he possessed every essential qualification for admission, except
that of race, upon which ground alone his application was denied." The
case went to court, and the judge’s decision was that Texas had to build an
equal law school within a six month time frame. After six months the judge threw
out the case because Texas planned a resolution to provide a legal education
for blacks. On June 1950, the Supreme Court decided that students were not offered an equal quality law education in the state
of Texas, and the result was that the University of Texas would have to admit
qualified black applicants.
Cause: Heman Sweatt had everything he needed to get admitted to the University of Texas except the correct racial ethnicity. In reality there is no “correct” racial ethnicity but it’s evident that to get into the school he had to be anything but black. This was another cause of the Brown v. Board court because the school was discriminating a fit student from going into the school because he was black. There was still a lot of racial discrimination going around everywhere so in order to stop it they needed to make drastic changes. The Brown v Board of Education case was the drastic change they needed.
Cause: Heman Sweatt had everything he needed to get admitted to the University of Texas except the correct racial ethnicity. In reality there is no “correct” racial ethnicity but it’s evident that to get into the school he had to be anything but black. This was another cause of the Brown v. Board court because the school was discriminating a fit student from going into the school because he was black. There was still a lot of racial discrimination going around everywhere so in order to stop it they needed to make drastic changes. The Brown v Board of Education case was the drastic change they needed.
Historical event
May 1954, Brown V. Board of
Education
Explanation: The
fourteen amendment of the constitution guarantees, “equal protection under
law.” What the Brown side was arguing was that the racial segregation of
children in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the
fourteenth amendment. They were trying to prove a point, that it’s beneficial for
students to not attend segregated schools. So they reviewed psychological studies
and it showed that black girls in segregated schools had low racial self
esteem. Due to that, the Court concluded that separating children due to their
race creates dangerous effects that may affect black children's ability to
learn. Brown two and three finally reached a point when the court ruled that
states were required to implement the Supreme Court's integration orders. The
conclusion was that any child denied a good education due to their racial
ethnicity, would be unlikely to succeed in life. So now a state had to provide
universal education. It started with education becoming a right that must be
given equality to both blacks and whites.
Pivotal Explanation: Before the Brown v Board case came to an end there were nothing but segregated schools. Even though there were many neighborhoods mixed with both white and blacks, the blocks were still segregated and of course the schools were too. This was a pivotal event because after the court ruled in favor of Brown, many schools went from segregated schools, to integrated schools. This means that now both blacks and whites could attend the school. This gave many children, teenagers and even adults an opportunity to go to a mixed school. Before only white children and teenagers were receiving a higher level education but now they both would. Even though the victory of the Brown side made schools integrated, a lot of the states didn’t immediately desegregate their schools; it took time.
Pivotal Explanation: Before the Brown v Board case came to an end there were nothing but segregated schools. Even though there were many neighborhoods mixed with both white and blacks, the blocks were still segregated and of course the schools were too. This was a pivotal event because after the court ruled in favor of Brown, many schools went from segregated schools, to integrated schools. This means that now both blacks and whites could attend the school. This gave many children, teenagers and even adults an opportunity to go to a mixed school. Before only white children and teenagers were receiving a higher level education but now they both would. Even though the victory of the Brown side made schools integrated, a lot of the states didn’t immediately desegregate their schools; it took time.
effects
February 6, 1956 Autherine lucy
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Explanation: Autherine Lucy won a federal lawsuit that
required the University of Alabama to admit her. She was the first black who
attempted to integrate to the University of Alabama. She enrolled on February 3
and that same day a riot broke out as she approached the school. The riot continued
until the school expelled her three days later.
Lucy and her attorneys filed suit against the University because they
wanted them to overturn her expulsion. University officials claimed that Lucy’s
presence slandered the university and they could not have her as a student
there because it wasn’t good for the school.
Effect: After the Brown v. Board case, many people including Lucy were determined to take advantage of this opportunity. Before the case, blacks didn’t have the same educational opportunities as the white people did. So Lucy was just one of the many who tried taking a step further in education and tried building a better future.
Effect: After the Brown v. Board case, many people including Lucy were determined to take advantage of this opportunity. Before the case, blacks didn’t have the same educational opportunities as the white people did. So Lucy was just one of the many who tried taking a step further in education and tried building a better future.
may 17, 1957 The little rock nine
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Explanation: Another event in school desegregation was when
nine Black students integrated Central Highschool. The law enforcement and the Arkansas
National Guards were tasked to first prevent the students from going in the
school, but later on were enforced to protect the nine students and stand by
their side. The reason for that is because as the nine black students went to
school, they were attacked and threatened by an angry white mob on their first
integration attempt. It wasn’t until President Dwight Eisenhower sent in
federal troops to the school, that the students were finally able to integrate
the school. The angry crowds prevented them from doing so. They became known as the “Little Rock Nine.” Their
perseverance was broadcasted all around the world and it captured a lot of
attention.
Effect: This was an effect from the Brown v. Board case because, now it wasn’t just one or two people integrating to new schools. It was groups of students willing to walk right past the angry crowds to find a better education for themselves. This definitely motivated people all over the world to not let these amazing opportunities walk right past them. After the case was closed, these nine students gathered their courage and were the first group of students who took it a step further and tried to integrate into a new Highschool.
Effect: This was an effect from the Brown v. Board case because, now it wasn’t just one or two people integrating to new schools. It was groups of students willing to walk right past the angry crowds to find a better education for themselves. This definitely motivated people all over the world to not let these amazing opportunities walk right past them. After the case was closed, these nine students gathered their courage and were the first group of students who took it a step further and tried to integrate into a new Highschool.
novermber 14, 1960 Rubi bridges
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Explanation:
A 1960 federal court order, now required New Orleans public schools to
desegregate. Before this, Rubi Bridges had to walk a long distance to get to
her all black school. She was one of the six chosen students to integrate into
a new school. The thing is though, out of those six students, she was the only
one who did go to the school. Bridges was escorted by federal troops, to get
through the angry, shouting white mob, to get into the doors of William Frantz
Elementary. A Riot started and all day long students were pulled out of class
because their parents refused to let them attend a school where one black girl
attended too. All the students left the school, and she ended up becoming the
only child there. Later on though some students decided to go back to school
but the mob continued everyday that Rubi walked into school. The national media
covered the school crisis all year long, and over time people began to worry
about the economic and social impact this would have. Eventually many of the
elites of New Orleans signed a declaration that supported the idea of obeying
the federal courts.
Effect: So we have University Students, and Highschool students attempting to integrate into new schools, but we now have a young elementary student trying to do the same. Like I said before, not all states immediately changed their schools, and it was mostly because they were having a hard time controlling all the crises that happened because of it. The thing is Rubi Bridges was brave, and she never stopped attending the school despite the treatment that she received. The reason for that is because not just her, but her Mom also looked at the bright side of the situation, because Rubi was getting the education that she deserved and needed. Her mom new that Rubi deserved to receive the same education opportunities as other white girls her age. That’s why they agreed to integrate into the new school.
Effect: So we have University Students, and Highschool students attempting to integrate into new schools, but we now have a young elementary student trying to do the same. Like I said before, not all states immediately changed their schools, and it was mostly because they were having a hard time controlling all the crises that happened because of it. The thing is Rubi Bridges was brave, and she never stopped attending the school despite the treatment that she received. The reason for that is because not just her, but her Mom also looked at the bright side of the situation, because Rubi was getting the education that she deserved and needed. Her mom new that Rubi deserved to receive the same education opportunities as other white girls her age. That’s why they agreed to integrate into the new school.